Films
Books and Papers
Ahluwalia, Meenakshi. Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi. New Delhi: Mittal Publications, 1991.
Ahmed, Saifuddin. ‘The Role of the Media during Communal Riots in India: A Study of the 1984 Sikh Riots and the 2002 Gujarat Riots’. Media Asia, 37, 2, January 2010, pp 103–11. researchgate.net
Anand, Reema. Scorched White Lilies of 84. New Delhi: Rupa India, 2009.
Andreopoulos, George J. Genocide: Conceptual and Historical Dimensions. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997.
Androff, David K. ‘Truth and Reconciliation Commissions (TRCs) An International Human Rights Intervention and Its Connection to Social Work’. British Journal of Social Work, 40, 2010, pp 1960–77. watermark.silverchair.com
Aulakh, Jasneet. Just Another Riot in India: Remembering the 1984 Anti-Sikh Violence. Acta Academica 47, no. 1. January 2015.
Babbar, Gurcharan Singh. Government Organised Carnage. November 1984. New Delhi: Babbar Publications, 1998.
Badami, Anita Rau. Can You Hear the Nightbird Call? Delhi: Penguin Books, 2006.
Banerjee, Ashish. ‘Comparative Curfew: Changing Dimensions of Communal Politics in India’, in Mirrors of Violence, ed Veena Das. London: Oxford University Press, 1990.
Baixas, Lionel. ‘The Anti-Sikh Pogrom of October 31 to November 4, 1984’. Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence, 9 June, 2009. sciencespo.fr
Baxi, Pratiksha. ‘Adjudicating the Riot: Communal Violence, Crowds and Public Tranquility in India’. Domains (Special Issue): Riot Discourses, 3, 2007, pp 70–105. academia.edu
Benigno, Tina. Mother and the Child in the Partition of British India (1947) and the Anti-Sikh Pogrom in and Surrounding Delhi (1984). Sikh Formations 16, no. 4, October 1, 2020.
Bhanwar, Harbir Singh. Diary De Panne. Amritsar: Nanak Singh Pustak Mala, 1999.
Bhowmik, Someswar. ‘Film censorship in India: Deconstructing an incongruity’,
in Indian popular cinema: a narrative of cultural change, eds K. Moti Gokulsing and Wimal Dissanayake. Stoke-on-Trent: Trentham, 2004.
Brahm, Eric. ‘What is a Truth Commission and Why Does it Matter?’. Peace and Conflict Review, 3, 2, 2009, pp 1–14. review.upeace.org
Brar, Lt. Gen. K.S. Operation Blue Star: The True Story. New Delhi: UBS Publishers’ Distributors Pvt. Ltd., 1993).
Brass, Paul R. The Politics of India – A New Cambridge History of India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Brown, Erika E. Memories of a Pogrom: 1984 India. University of Colorado. 2022.
Bose, Sugata & Jalal, Ayesha. Modern South Asia: History, Culture, and Political Economy. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2004.
Butalia, Urvashi. The Other Side of Silence: Voices From the Partition of India. North Carolina: Duke University Press, 2000.
Chakravarti, Uma and Haksar, Nandita. Delhi Riots: Three Days in the Life of a Nation. New Delhi : Lancer International, 1991.
Chaudhry, Ishmeet Kaur. Black November: Writings on the Sikh Massacres of 1984 and the Aftermath. New Delhi: Speaking Tiger, 2019).
Chima, Jugdep. The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements, Ebook. New Delhi: SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd, 2010.
Crossette, Barbara. India: Facing the Twenty-First Century. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1993.
Dalrymple, William. City of Djinns. New Delhi: Penguin Books, 2005.
Das, Veena (ed). Mirrors of Violence: communities, riots and survivors in South Asia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.
Das, Veena. Life and Words: Violence and the Descent into the Ordinary. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007.
Destexhe, Alain. Rwanda and Genocide in the Twentieth Century. London: Pluto Press, 1995.
Devgan, Shruti. Crevices in Dominant Memories: Virtual Commemoration and the 1984 Anti-Sikh Violence. Identities 20, no. 2. April 2013.
Devgan, Shruti. A Haunted Generation Remembers. Sage Journals. 2018.
Dobhal, Harsh (ed). Writings on Human Rights, Law and Society in India: A Combat Law Anthology. Human Rights Law Network. New Delhi: Human
Rights Law Network, 2011.
Fear, John. Exclusive Pedigree: My life in and out of the Brethren. ed Robert Fear. Rukia Publishing, 2016.
Forrest, Duncan, Smith, Sally Verity & Malcolm, S. Lives Under Threat: a study of Sikhs coming to the UK from the Punjab. 2nd ed. London: Medical Foundation, 1999.
Gaind, Arjun Raj. The Anatomy of Loss. Bloomsbury. 2022.
Gaur, K. D. Textbook on the Indian Penal Code. Delhi: Universal Law Publishing, 2011.
Gazi, Parmjeet Singh, Singh, Ranjeet Singh. Sikh Nasalkushi 1984. Bibekgarh Parkashan, 2023.
Gill, Kamal Preet. Madam Mohini. New Delhi. White Falcon Publishing. 2022.
Gill, K.P.S. Knights of Falsehood. Anand Publications. 2007.
Gopal, S. (ed). Selected works of Jawaharlal Nehru, Volume 4. Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund, 1987.
Gossman, Patricia. Punjab in Crisis: Asia Watch Report. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1991.
Grewal, Jyoti. Betrayed by the State: the anti-Sikh pogrom of 1984. New Delhi: Penguin India, 2007.
Grewal, Manraj. Dreams after Darkness, a Search for a Life Ordinary under the Shadow of 1984. New Delhi: Rupa & Co, 2004.
Grover, Vrinda. ‘The Elusive Quest for Justice: Delhi 1984 to Gujarat 2002’, in Gujarat: The Making of a Tragedy, ed Siddharth Varadarajan, pp 355–88. New Delhi: Penguin Books India, 2002.
Guha, Ramachandra. India After Gandhi. London: MacMillan, 2007.
Gupte, Pranay. Mother India: A Political Biography of Indira Gandhi. Delhi: Penguin Books India, 2009.
Hajari, Nisid. Midnight’s Furies: The Deadly Legacy of India’s Partition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015.
Hansen, Thomas Blom. Wages of Violence: Naming and Identity in Postcolonial Bombay. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001.
Harlock, Angela. The 1984 Anti-Sikh Riots in Delhi. The Deadly Embrace: Religion, Politics, and Violence in India and Pakistan 1947-2002, ed. Ian Talbot. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Hayner, Priscilla B. ‘Truth Commissions: a Schematic Overview’. International Review of the Red Cross, 88, 862, June 2006, pp 295–310. icrc.org
Heine, Heinrich. Almansor: A Tragedy (1821). Quoted in Thomas Pfau. Romantic Moods: Paranoia, Trauma, and Melancholy, 1790–1840. Baltimore: JHU Press, 2005.
Henham, Ralph and Behrens, Paul (eds). The Criminal Law of Genocide. London: Routledge, 2007.
Hewitt, Vernon Marston. International Politics of South Asia. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992.
Hundert, Gershon. Yivo Encyclopaedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008.
Indla, Aditya. Bhindranwale: How One Controversial Religious Figure Threatened the Unity of India. History in the Making: Vol. 13 , Article 15, 2020.
Jeffery, Renée and Hall, Ian. Post-Conflict Justice in Divided Democracies: The 1984 AntiSikh Riots in India. Third World Quarterly 41, no. 6. June 2, 2020.
Jeffrey, Robin. What’s Happening to India?: Punjab, Ethnic Conflict, and the Test for Federalism. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1994.
Joyce, James. Ulysses. London: Penguin Classic, 2000.
Kapur, Vikram (ed). 1984: In Memory and Imagination – Personal Essays and Stories on the 1984 Anti-Sikh Riots. Bhopal: Amaryllis, 2016.
Kaur, Jaskaran. Twenty Years of Impunity: The November 1984 Pogroms of Sikhs in India. Ensaaf. 2006.
Kaur, Harminder. 1984: Lessons from History: intrigue and conflict in centre Sikh relations. New Delhi: Corporate Vision, 2010.
Keay, John. Midnight’s Descendants: South Asia from Partition to the Present Day. London: William Collins, 2014.
Kiernan, Ben. Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Spartan to Darfur. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007.
Kumar, Keval J. Mass Communication in India. 4th ed. Mumbai: Jaico Publishing House, 2010.
Kumar, Ram Narayan. Terror in Punjab: Narratives, Knowledge and Truth. Delhi: Shipra Publications, 2008.
Kumar, Ram Narayan, Singh, Amrik, Agrwaal, Ashok & Kaur, Jaskaran. Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab Final Report: Volume One. Kathmandu: South Asia Forum for Human Rights, 2003.
Kuper, Leo. Genocide: Its Political Use in the Twentieth Century. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983.
Lustig, Robin. Is Anything Happening?: My Life as a Newsman. London : Biteback Publishing, 2017. Kindle ed.
Mackinnon, Catharine A. Are Women Human?: And Other International Dialogues. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2007.
Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley. Fighting for Faith and Nation. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996.
Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley. One More Voice!: Perspectives on South Asia. Bloomington: Xlibris, 2012.
Mander, Harsh. Conflict and Suffering: Survivors of Carnages in 1984 and 2002. Economic and Political Weekly 45, no. 32, 2010.
Markovits, Claude. ‘The End of the British Empire in India’, in A History of Modern India: 1480-1950, ed Claude Markovits, pp 469–97. London: Anthem, 2002.
Mehta, Parvinder. ‘Repressive Silences and Shadows of 1984: Erasures, Omissions, and Narrative Crisis’. Sikh Formations, 6, 2, 2010, pp 153–75. tandfonline.com
Mehta, Ved. Rajiv Gandhi and Rama’s Kingdom. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.
Messervy, General Sir Frank. Quoted in Colonel F.T. Birdwood, forward to The Sikh Regiment in The Second World War. East Sussex: Naval & Military Press, 1953.
Milewski, Terry, Blood for Blood: Fifty Years of the Global Khalistan Project, HarperCollins, 2021.
Mitta, Manoj & Phoolka, H.S. When a Tree Shook Delhi. New Delhi: Roli Books, 2007.
Mojzes, Paul. Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2015.
Moore, Charles. Margaret Thatcher: The Authorized Biography, Volume Two: Everything She Wants. London: Allen Lane, 2015. Kindle ed.
Mukerjee, Madhusree. Churchill’s Secret War: The British Empire and the Ravaging of India during World War II. New York: Basic Books, 2010.
Mukherjee, Aditya (ed). A Centenary History of the Indian National Congress, Volume V: 1964-84. New Delhi: Academic Foundation, 2011.
Mukherjee, Pranab. The Turbulent Years: 1980-1996. New Delhi: Rupa Publications India, 2016.
Mukhopadhyay, Nilanjan. Sikhs: The Untold Agony of 1984. New Delhi: Tranquebar Press, 2015.
Nandy, Ashis. ‘The Politics of Secularism’, in Mirrors of Violence: Communities, riots and survivors in South Asia, ed Veena Das, pp 69–93. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.
Nayar, Kuldip & Singh, Khushwant. The Tragedy of Punjab: Operation Bluestar and after. New Delhi: Vision Books, 1984.
Nayar, Kuldip. Beyond the Lines: An Autobiography. New Delhi: Roli Books, 2012.
Nayar, Pramod. K. Writing Wrongs: The Cultural Construction of Human Rights in India. London: Routledge, 2012.
Nehru, Jawaharlal. ‘Lahore Bulletin.9 January 1930’. Quoted in Usman Khalid. Authentic voices of South Asia. London: London Institute of South Asia, 2005, p 138.
Nugent, Nicholas. Rajiv Gandhi – Son of a Dynasty. London: BBC Books, 1990.
Nussbaum, Martha C. The Clash Within: Democracy, Religious Violence, and India’s Future. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2007.
Orwell, George. Nineteen Eighty-Four. London: Martin Secker & Warburg Ltd, 1949.
Pearsall. Judy (ed). New Oxford Dictionary of English. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 1998.
Pettigrew, Joyce. The Sikhs of the Punjab: Unheard Voices of State and Guerrilla Violence. London, Zed Books, 1995.
Prunier, Gérard. The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide. 2nd ed. Kampala: Fountain Publishers Limited, 1999.
Radhakrishna, Meena. ‘Urban Denotified Tribes: Competing Identities, Contested Citizenship’. Economic and Political Weekly. 42, 51, 22–28 December 2007, pp 59–64. http://www.researchgate.net
Ranganathan, Maya and Rodrigues, Usha M. Indian Media in a Globalised World. New Delhi: Sage, 2010.
Rajeshwari, B. ‘Communal Riots in India: A Chronology (1947–2003)’. Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies Research Papers, March, 2004, pp 1–33. nagarikmancha.org
Robertson, Geoffrey. An Inconvenient Genocide: Who Now Remembers the Armenians? London: Biteback Publishing, 2014.
Rushdie, Salman. Imaginary Homelands: Essays and Criticism 1981-1991. London: Vintage, 2010. Originally published 1991 by Granta Books.
Rushdie, Salman. Joseph Anton: a memoir. London: Random House, 2012.
Russell-Brown, S. L. ‘Rape as an Act of Genocide’. Berkeley Journal of International Law, 21, 2, 2003, pp 350–74. scholarship.law.berkeley.edu
Sandhu, Amandeep. Roll of Honour. New Delhi: Rupa Publications, 2012.
Sandu, Ranbir Singh. Struggle for Justice. Speeches and Conversations of Sant Jarnail Singh Khalsa Bhindranwale. Ohio: Sikh Educational & Religious Foundation, 1999.
Saluja, Anshu. ‘Shadows of 1984: Exploring the Communal Question’. Social Action, 65, 2, 2015, pp 162–78. researchgate.net
Saluja, Anshu, Engaging with Women’s Words and Their Silences: Mapping 1984 and Its Aftermath, Sikh Formations 11, no. 3 (September 2, 2015).
Schabas, William A. Genocide in International Law: The Crime of Crimes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Schmidt, Karl J. An atlas and survey of South Asian history : India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sir Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan. New Delhi : Vision Books, 1999.
Sebald, W. G. (translated by Michael Hulse). Vertigo. New York: New Directions, 2001.
Sidhu, G. B. S. The Khalistan Conspiracy: A Former R&AW Officer Unravels the Path to 1984. Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India: HarperCollins Publishers India, 2020.
Singh, Gurharpal and Giorgio Shani. Sikh Nationalism. Cambridge University Press Academia.edu. 2021.
Singh, Harjinder. Reflection on 1984. Walsall: Akaal Publishers, 2014.
Singh, Jarnail. I Accuse…: the anti-Sikh violence of 1984. Gurgaon: Penguin Books, 2011.
Singh, Jaspreet. Helium. London: Bloomsbury, 2013.
Singh, Jaspreet. November: Selected Poems. Calgary: Bayeux Arts, 2017.
Singh, Khushwant. Captain Amarinder Singh: The People’s Maharaja – An Authorized Biography. London: Hay House, 2017.
Singh, Khushwant. My Bleeding Punjab. New Delhi: UBS Publishers, 1992.
Singh, Khushwant. The History of The Sikhs, Volume 2: 1839-1988. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Singh, Khushwant. The End of India. New York: Penguin Books, 2003.
Singh, Nazer. Guru Granth Sahib Over to the West: Idea of Sikh scriptures translations 1810-1909. New Delhi: Commonwealth Publishers, 2005.
Singh, Patwant. The Sikhs. London: John Murray, 1999.
Singh, Pav. 1984 India’s Guilty Secret. London: Kashi House. New Delhi: Rupa Publications 2017.
Singh, Pritam. Political economy of the Punjab: an insider’s account. New Delhi: MD Publications, 1997.
Singh, Pritam. Federalism, Nationalism and Development: India and the Punjab Economy. London: Routledge, 2008.
Singh, Sangat (foreword by Prof. Noel Q. King). The Sikhs in History. Amritsar: Singh Bros, 2010.
Singh, Sarbpreet. Night of the Restless Spirits – Stories from 1984. New Delhi. Penguin. 2020.
Singh, Sarbpreet & Kaur, J. Mehr. Kultar’s Mime: Stories of Sikh children who survived the 1984 Delhi massacre. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2016.
Singh, Tavleen. Durbar. Gurgaon: Hachette India, 2017.
Sitapati, Vinay. Half-Lion: How P.V Narasimha Rao Transformed India. New Delhi: Penguin Books, 2016.
Smith, Sheamus. Off Screen: A Memoir. Dublin: Gill Books, 2007.
Suresh, Hosbet. All Human Rights are Fundamental Rights. Allahabad: Universal Law Publishing Co Ltd, 2010.
Suri, Sanjay. 1984: The Anti-Sikh Violence and After. HarperCollins, 2015.
Swami, Subramaniam. Creating a Martyr. Imprint. July 1984.
Tambiah, Stanley J. ‘Reflections on Communal Violence in South Asia’, in Perspectives on Modern South Asia: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation, ed Kamala Visweswaran, pp 177–86. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing, 2011.
Tarlo, Emma. Unsettling Memories: Narratives of the Emergency in Delhi. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.
Tatla, Darshan Singh. The Sikh Diaspora: The Search For Statehood. London: UCL Press, 1999.
Thapar, Romesh. These Troubled Times. Bombay: Popular Prakashan, 1986.
Tharoor, Shashi. India from Midnight to the Millennium. London: Penguin, 2012.
Thompson, Allan (ed). The Media and the Rwanda Genocide. Ottawa: Pluto Press, 2007.
Vasishth, Saroj. Kala November – The Carnage of 1984. Calcutta: Rupa & Co, 1995.
Wazir, Sanam Sutirath. The Kaur of 1984 – the untold, unheard stories of Sikh women. HarperCollins, 2024.
Wahab, Ghazala. The Peach Maker. Aleph Books, 2023.
Zamindar, Vazira Fazila-Yacoobali. The Long Partition and the Making of Modern South Asia: Refugees, Boundaries, Histories. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010.
A list of books and films based on the 1984 Sikh Genocide.
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